DNS in Windows Server 2. R2. DNS, which is responsible for resolving domain names to IP addresses, isn’t just the name resolution system that underpins the global Internet—it’s also a critical component in Windows Active Directory (AD) for locating network resources.
But despite the ubiquitous nature of DNS in Windows networking over the past decade as a replacement for Microsoft’s proprietary WINS, DNS is a complex hierarchical system that many junior administrators find difficult to grasp. In this article, we’ll look beyond a single- forest/single- domain AD structure, where DNS configuration is relatively straightforward, and investigate how DNS works in a more complex AD design. Along the way, we’ll introduce some of the new DNS concepts in Windows Server 2. R2. Active Directory and DNS Integration.
The Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008. Server 2008 R2 use Dism.exe to install and. server running a Server Core. Home > Windows > DNS in Windows Server 2008 R2. of the new DNS concepts in Windows Server 2008 R2. client computers after you install the DNS. Install and configure Windows Server 2008 core? Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (Server Core Installation). Follow the same example to configure DNS. Configuring a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 R2. The Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008. DNS-Server-Core-Role.
To help us understand how DNS integrates with AD, let’s configure an AD structure that’s commonly deployed in midsized and large organizations. We’ll create a single forest with two domains, as Figure 1 shows.
The first domain will be what’s often referred to as an empty root, or just root, domain. An empty root domain sits at the top of the AD hierarchy and, as its name suggests, doesn’t contain any resources. This type of domain gives organizations more flexibility and better separation of security roles than a single forest/single domain. The second domain will sit below our empty root and is therefore a child domain; it will function as the main domain for our organization, where resources (e. Figure 1: Single forest with two domains. We start by running Dcpromo on the first server to create the forest and empty root domain. Log on to Server 2.
. a Domain Name System (DNS) server really. you cannot install Windows PowerShell onto Server Core. of Windows Server 2008, with Server Core being. How to Install Windows Server 2008 R2. do a clean installation of Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2. Windows Server 2008 DNS, Active.
R2 as an administrator. Make sure that you’ve given the server an appropriate name, such as DC1, and set an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway on the server’s NIC. You can leave the NIC’s DNS settings empty and let Windows add a local address. Run Dcpromo from the Start menu and create a new forest and domain called ADcompany. Note that I appended AD as a prefix to the company name to keep the internal and external DNS namespaces separate. ADCOMPANY will become the NETBIOS name for the domain. Even though the domain is intended for internal use only, it’s important to register the ADcompany.
Internet to ensure that clients can’t be accidentally redirected to a device that’s outside the organization’s control. It’s also common to use the AD. AD becomes the NETBIOS name for the domain. In this case, assuming company.
Dns.exe crashing constantly on R2 core DC. Windows Server 2008 R2. 172b960d5399/dnsexe-crashing-constantly-on-r2-core-dcdns-install?forum.
Internet, no additional action is required. On the Additional Domain Controller Options screen, make sure the DNS server option is selected. After you click Next and Dcpromo begins to validate the selected options, you’ll receive a warning stating that a delegation can’t be created because the authoritative parent zone can’t be found. In other words, Dcpromo can’t find an authoritative DNS server (i. ADcompany. com domain. A DNS zone holds all resource records for one part of the namespace, such as ADCOMPANY or COM.
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Because this is our internal root AD domain, a delegation record in the public COM zone isn’t necessary and you can safely ignore this warning. We’ll understand more clearly what delegation means when we create our child domain.
Testing with Dcdiag. After Dcpromo finishes, reboot the server as prompted. To make sure that everything is working as expected with our new domain, open a command prompt and run Dcdiag. A series of tests will be carried out that should pass with success if DNS and other critical AD components are configured correctly. Before running Dcdiag, you might want to clear the System and DFS Replication event logs to prevent the tool from reporting various failures because of error warnings logged during the domain setup process.
For example, DFS replication errors are typically shown when Dcdiag is run for the first time on a new domain controller (DC)—however, they don’t necessarily indicate a problem with DNS, which is often the source of replication failures. After the event logs are cleared, rundcdiag /test: dfsrevent. This command should pass the test successfully. Until you configure an appropriate time source, you’ll get W3. Windows Time service) errors in the Dcdiag tests for the root domain’s DC.
For information about configuring the Windows Time service, see the Microsoft article “How to configure an authoritative time server in Windows Server”. Root Hints. Now that AD DNS is in working order, if the DC has a connection to the Internet, the installed DNS server should let us resolve Internet domain names even though we haven’t configured any forwarders or added an IP address for an ISP’s DNS server on the DC’s NIC settings. The DNS server includes root hints that point to the top- level DNS servers on the Internet so that it can resolve queries for names that it isn’t authoritative for and doesn’t already have in its cache.
To see the root hints that are loaded from the cache. DNS from Administrative Tools on the Start menu. In the DNS console, right- click the DNS server in the left pane and select Properties from the menu. In the server properties dialog box, select the Root Hints tab, as Figure 2 shows. Figure 2: Viewing root hints. You might also encounter situations, such as the requirement to use a service like Open.
DNS for web content filtering, in which you set up a forwarder for Internet name resolution instead of relying on root hints. When designing your DNS infrastructure, remember that if forwarders are configured on a DNS server, they’re used for name resolution before root hints. Iterative and Recursive Queries.
Requests made by the DNS server to resolve names using root hints are iterative, meaning that a best answer will be accepted—which might be a referral to a name server lower down the hierarchy that can resolve the query definitively. This is in contrast to the Windows DNS client, which sends recursive queries to a DNS server, requiring a definitive answer or an error stating that the resource doesn’t exist.
Recursive queries are typically sent by DNS clients or forwarders. Configuring a Child Domain.
Now that internal and Internet name resolution have been tested and are working in our root domain, it’s time to add a child domain, called HR (HR. ADcompany. com), where all our resources will be located. Log on to the second Server 2. R2 machine as a local administrator and make sure it has an appropriate name, such as DC2.
Assign an IP address and subnet mask, then set the primary DNS server for the server’s NIC with the IP address of your DC in the root domain. When we run Dcpromo, the tool needs to locate the root DNS domain and DC, so a DNS server that can answer those queries must be configured. Before starting, we can rundcdiag /test: dcpromo /dnsdomain: HR.
ADcompany. com /Child. Domainto ensure that everything is configured properly for Dcpromo to promote this server to a DC for the domain specified using the /dnsdomain switch. Figure 3: Creating a new domain in an existing forest. Now run Dcpromo from the Start menu, this time opting to create a new domain in an existing forest. On the Network Credentials screen, enter the forest domain (ADcompany. Enterprise Administrators group in the root domain, as Figure 3 shows.
In the Name the New Domain dialog box, enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) for the root domain (ADcompany. HR), as Figure 4 shows.
In the Additional Domain Controller Options dialog box, select DNS server. For the rest of the wizard, accept the default settings.
Figure 4: Naming the new domain. Reboot the server when prompted, and run Dcdiag on the HR DC to ensure that everything’s working as expected, following my earlier advice for running Dcdiag. Open a command prompt and runipconfig /all. Note that the server’s.
NIC primary DNS is set to the local server address, and the root domain’s DNS server IP address is shifted to act as a secondary DNS server. Delegation and Forwarding. Still working from the command prompt, make sure that you can ping the DC in the root domain, using either the DC’s single- label name (DC1) or FQDN (DC1. ADcompany. com). You should also be able to ping an Internet domain name from the child domain’s DC, assuming it has Internet connectivity. From the root domain’s DC, make sure that you can ping the DC in the child domain.
The DNS server in the child domain refers queries for resources in ADcompany. Dcpromo runs. To see this configuration, open the DNS server console on the child domain’s DC from Administrative Tools on the Start menu. In the DNS console, right- click the server in the left pane and select Properties from the menu.
In the properties dialog box, select the Forwarders tab; you’ll see that the server isconfigured to send all queries that it can’t resolve to the root domain’s DNS server. Both internal and Internet queries are forwarded; this is different from a conditional forwarder, which is configured to forward queries that can’t be resolved locally only for a specific namespace. Conversely, on the root domain’s DNS server you’ll find a delegation record (sometimes referred to as a delegation zone) for the HR domain. Again, this record was configured as part of the Dcpromo process for the child domain’s DC and lets the root domain’s DC locate resources in the child domain. Open the DNS console on the root domain’s DC; in the left pane, expand DNS Server, Forward Lookup Zones, ADCompany. Click the HR delegation zone at the bottom of the tree. In the right pane you’ll see a host (A) record for the child domain’s DNS server.
Delegation and forwarding are the default mechanisms in Windows Server for enabling resolution up and down a branch of a contiguous DNS namespace, as Figure 5 shows. Figure 5: Delegation and forwarding. DNS Devolution. DNS devolution is a feature of the Windows DNS client. It isn’t new to Server 2. R2 or Windows 7, but it includes some changes to improve security. From the child domain’s DC, we can ping resources in the root domain without specifying the FQDN (i.